Monosomic Alien Addition Lines Derived from Glycine max (L.) Merr. and G. tomentella Hayata: Production, Characterization, and Breeding Behavior

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Abstract
Utilization of exotic germplasm (16 wild perennial species of the subgenus Glycine Willd.) to broaden the genetic base of soybean [G. max (L.) Merr.] has been impeded because of extremely low intersubgeneric crossability. Our objective here is to report the production, identification, and breeding behavior of monosomic alien addition lines (MAALs) each with 2n = 40 chromosomes of soybean and one chromosome from G. tomentella Hayata (accession PI 483218, 2n = 78). Glycine tomentella contains genes controlling several economically useful traits such as resistance to soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow) and soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) and tolerance to salt and drought. We have isolated 287 plants with 2n = 41 chromosomes from BC3 and BC4 progenies. On the basis of distinguishing morphological features, these lines were grouped into 22 MAALs and were designated as MT‐I to MT‐XXII. MT denotes max and tomentella. The addition of an extra chromosome of G. tomentella to the 2n soybean complement modified several morphological traits including flowering habit, plant height, degree of pubescence, seed fertility, number of seed per pod and plant, pod and seed color, and seed yield. The female transmission of an extra G. tomentella chromosome in MAALs averaged 36.5% and male transmission averaged 11.7%. This study sets a stage whereby the germplasm treasure harbored in exotic germplasm, the wild perennial relatives of the soybean, which was unexplored and not utilizable in the past, can now be reached by geneticists and plant breeders.

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