Production, isolation, and antimicrobial activity of hyalodendrin, a new antibiotic produced by a species of Hyalodendron

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Abstract
A growth inhibitor, designated hyalodendrin (C14H16N2O3S2), was isolated from liquid cultures of a species of Hyalodendron, a Hyphomycete. The isolation and production of hyalodendrin and its physical and chemical properties are described. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of this compound against a broad spectrum of fungi associated with decay and deterioration of trees and forest products was examined. Its inhibitory action against these organisms, as well as against others causing diseases in plants and trees, was found to be superior to that of the antifungal agents cryptosporiopsin, nystatin, or scytalidin. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of hyalodendrin were also established for a number of bacteria and fungi pathogenic to humans. Hyalodendrin compared favorably with benomyl in its ability to inhibit in vitro growth of Ceratocystis ulmi, the causal agent of Dutch elm disease. In seed-germination tests, hyalodendrin had a relatively low degree of phytotoxicity. Acute toxicity to mice (LD50) was established at 75 mg/kg.

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