IgA1 Proteases of oral Streptococci: Ecological Aspects

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Abstract
The ecology and identity of IgAl protease-producing streptococci in the human oral cavity were studied in an attempt to obtain insight into the significance of IgAl proteases for host—parasite relationships. Contrary to previous observations, a detailed taxonomic analysis of oral streptococci revealed that all strains of S. sanguis and S. Oralis (“S. mitior”) produced IgAl protease. In addition, IgAl protease activity was observed in some isolates of S. Mitis. Of the streptococci that initiate plaque formation on dental enamel 88% (median value) had IgAl protease activity. Low proportions of the streptococci that colonize the tongue and oro-pharyngeal mucosae produced IgAl protease, in contrast to 60% of streptococci isolated from buccal mucosa. The IgAl proteases from S. Sanguis I-III, S. Sanguis IV, S. Oralis, and S. Mitis were distinct as revealed by studies using enzyme-neutralizing antibodies.