Fascism

Abstract
When this century was stillyoung, a brand-new ideological force which came to be known as ‘fascism’ burst upon a Europe just recovering from the body-blows of the First World War and the Russian Revolution. Before long it had brutally put paid to any dreams which liberals, democratic socialists, and communists might have had that a new era of international progress and harmony had dawned in the wake of so much pointless suffering and death. It might have seemed that after the horrors of Nazism and the Second World War the time of fascism had passed, yet it hassurvived to become a permanent, if generally highly marginalized, partof the political subcultures of most Westemized countries. Indeed, as we approach the end of the twentieth century it appears to be actually increasing in virulence wherever local socio-economic conditions fail to sustain the ideal of the multiethnic civil society. It even shows signs of contaminating the discourse of a number of party politicians of the extreme and not-so-extreme right on matters of immigration and cultural identity.

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