On the size of small protein particles determined by electron microscopy of unidirectionally shadowed freeze-etched preparations

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Abstract
The influence exerted by the thickness of the deposited metal layer and the ionic strength of the solution on the apparent size of particles of bovine serum albumin in unidirectionally shadowed freeze‐etch preparations of spray‐frozen specimens was investigated. It appeared that the size increase due to shadowing is nearly twice the thickness of the deposited metal layer. Apparent particle size was shown to increase linearly with the inverse square root of the ionic strength of the solution. At ionic strength 0·001 the particles appeared about 30% larger than at infinite ionic strength.