Protein phosphatase‐2A restricts migration of Lewis lung carcinoma cells by modulating the phosphorylation of focal adhesion proteins

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Abstract
Compared to metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells, nonmetastatic LLC cells have increased levels of activity of the protein phosphatase PP‐2A, which functions to limit their migration through transwell chambers. Inhibition of PP‐2A in nonmetastatic LLC stimulates their transmigration to levels similar to those of metastatic LLC cells. Studies to define the signaling pathways intermediate between diminished PP‐2A activity and stimulated migration showed that inhibiting PP‐2A activity resulted in paxillin serine hyperphosphorylation and tyrosine dephosphorylation. Paxillin was important for the stimulated migration because the increased transmigration in response to PP‐2A inhibition was dampened by expression of mutant paxillin at the LIM3 S457 and S481 residues. Inhibition of PP‐2A also led to the dissolution of FAK/Src/paxillin focal adhesion complexes, which was also dependent on paxillin S457 and S481 residues. In addition, inhibition of PP‐2A resulted in dephosphorylation of Src inhibitory Y527 residue, suggesting increased Src activity. The stimulated transmigration of cells with diminished PP‐2A was in part dependent on this Src activity. These studies show the importance of PP‐2A in limiting tumor cell migration through its modulation of proteins of the focal adhesions.