Growth following solid‐organ transplantation

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Abstract
One of the ultimate goals of successful transplantation (Tx) in pediatric solid-organ transplant recipients is the attainment of optimal final adult height. Except for kidney Tx there are limited data to address this issue. Remarkably similar factors impact on growth in pediatric kidney, liver, and heart recipients. Age is a primary factor, with younger recipients exhibiting the greatest immediate catch-up growth. Graft function is a significant contributory factor: a reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) correlates with poor growth in kidney recipients, and the need for re-Tx is associated with impaired growth in liver recipients. The known adverse impact of corticosteroids on growth has led transplant physicians/surgeons to either modify the dose or attempt steroid withdrawal. In kidney and liver recipients this is associated with the development of acute rejection episodes. In infant heart transplant recipients the avoidance of maintenance corticosteroid immunosuppression is associated with normal growth velocity in the majority of recipients. With the marked improvement in patient and graft survival rates in pediatric solid-organ graft recipients, it is timely that the quality-of-life issues receive paramount attention. In children, normal growth following solid-organ Tx should be an achievable goal that results in normal final adult height.