Gender Differences in Outcome of Conservatively Treated Patients With Asymptomatic High Grade Carotid Stenosis

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Abstract
Background and Purpose— Gender differences are currently becoming increasingly recognized as an important prognostic factor in patients with atherosclerotic disease. We investigated gender-related differences in vascular outcome and mortality of asymptomatic patients with high-grade internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. Methods— We enrolled 525 consecutive patients (325 males with a median age of 72 years and 200 females with a median age of 75 years) from a single center registry who were initially treated conservatively with respect to a neurologically asymptomatic ≥70% ICA stenosis. Patients were followed-up for a median of 38 months (interquartile range, 18 to 65) for major adverse cardiovascular, cerebral, and peripheral vascular events (MACE: combined end point including myocardial infarction, stroke, [partial] limb amputation, and death), vascular mortality, and all-cause mortality. Results— Cumulative MACE-free survival rates in males and females at 1, 3, and 5 years were 83%, 65%, 48% versus 85...