Experimental Ecological Genetics in Plantago: VI. The Demography of Seedling Transplants of P. Lanceolata

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Abstract
The relative importance of genotype and of environment in determining differences in life-history characters such as mortality, growth rate and fecundity among populations of P. lanceolata was assessed by reciprocal transplanting of seedlings among 6 field-sites. In most cases environmental differences were much more important than genotypic ones. Different environments imposed different life-histories. Reciprocal transplants between field sites make operational such concepts as environmental heterogeneity and stress and allow natural selection to be studied.