Vaginal carriage and neonatal acquisition of Clostridium difficile

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Abstract
The relationship between vaginal carriage and subsequent neonatal acquisition of C. difficile was investigated. Vaginal carriage of C. difficile was detected in 11% of women attending the Department of Genital Medicine Clinic. C. difficile was isolated from the vagina in 18% of 50 mothers before delivery and 8% after delivery; 62% of their babies had positive fecal cultures. Of 9 of the babies whose mothers had positive cultures before delivery, 8 became colonized with C. difficile, while 23 of 41 babies whose mothers had negative cultures became colonized. This suggests that both the vagina and the environment may act as sources of neonatal acquisition of C. difficile. Broth enrichment culture proved a more sensitive method for isolating C. difficile from the vagina than direct plate culture and should be used in such investigations.