Eleven phthalate esters and di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate in oneweek duplicate diet samples obtained from hospitals and their estimated daily intake

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Abstract
Plasticizers in duplicate diet samples obtained over 1 week were analysed in order to estimate daily intake. The phthalate esters were as follows: diethyl, dipropyl, dibutyl, dipentyl, dihexyl, butylbenzyl, dicyclohexyl, di(2-ethylhexyl), dioctyl, diisooctyl (mixture of isomers) and diisononyl (mixture). Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate was also determined. Homogenized samples of composite meals were extracted with acetonitrile, lipids were removed by extraction into n-hexane and the acetonitrile layer was cleaned using FlorisilR and Bondesil PSAR dual layer column. Phthalates were determined by GC/MS (SIM). Phthalate recovery from the fortified food mixture by this method was 62.5–140.8%. Quality assurance as assessed by three laboratories indicated coefficient of variance in the levels of detected phthalates in same lot samples as below 10%. Detection limits were 0.1–23ng/g for each phthalate. One-week duplicate diet samples provided by three hospitals in three remote prefectures of Japan were analysed as individual meals. In all 63 samples, DEHP was present at the highest level among all phthalates in the range 10–4400ng/g. The intake of plasticizers estimated from all samples was 519 μg DEHP/day, 86 μg DEHA/day, 65 μg DINP/day, and 4.7 μg BBP/day. Calculated DEHP in 2-day samples out of 21 days exceeded EU TDI for a person of 50kg body weight (1850 μg per day). Disposable PVC gloves used during the preparation of meals were suspected as the source of the high DEHP content. One-day intake of the other phthalates and DEHA was below 7% of TDI in all cases. High concentrations of DEHP (5990ng/g) was found in baby food used in quality assurance work. The source of contamination was the PVC-tube used during production and was effectively reduced by replacing the tube by one made of stainless steel.

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