Abstract
Four problem areas which seem to affect milieu treatment are examined in this paper. Empirical data are cited which illustrate the manner in which these problems are expressed. It is suggested that the characteristics of patients and their potential for change, the attitudes of staff and their ability to implement innovative technology, the structure of the traditional mental hospital, and the social and economic alternatives to hospitalization, are some of the factors which affect the outcome of milieu treatment programs. It appears that change occurs most readily in those areas where intervention is direct—less direct attack results in more attenuated findings.

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