Short-Term Neonatal Morbidity Associated with Prematurity and the Effect of a Prematurity Prevention Program on Expected Incidence of Morbidity

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Abstract
With recent advances in neonatal medicine, the risk of mortality for premature new-borns has been markedly reduced. Attention has shifted to the morbidity associated with preterm delivery. Consideration of anticipated neonatal morbidity at a particular gestational age plays an important part in the decision of whether or not to treat preterm labor. We have assessed eight indices of short-term morbidity in 170 liveborn infants delivered between 26 and 35 completed weeks of gestation and calculated the gestational age-specific rates of each measure of morbidity. Five measures of short-term morbidity were significantly reduced by extending the gestation from 34 to 35 weeks. To illustrate the effect of prolonged pregnancy on the incidence of short-term neonatal morbidity, the actual incidence of morbidity from a group of preterm labor patients who were part of a preterm birth prevention program was compared to the anticipated incidence of these same morbidity factors has birth occurred when preterm labor was first diagnosed. There was a significant decrease in the number of observed, as opposed to anticipated, neonatal deaths and in morbidity occurrences in four of the six factors tested. Implications for considering short-term neonatal morbidity in the decision to initiate treatment for preterm labor after 33 weeks gestation are discussed.

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