Notes on the Development of Post-Segmentation Embryos of Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)

Abstract
Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the changes in embryonic surface features of M. sexta which occur between 25 h postoviposition and eclosion 79 h later. During this period, this segments forming the head undergo a complex set of movements transforming a relatively flat structure into the larval head; the changing site of the appendage buds and their relative locations were charted over time, and the role of selective cell enlargements in establishing the final appearance of these appendage buds was detailed. The description of Manduca embryogenesis also was broadened to include a timetable of major morphological events in embryogenesis, including secretion of the embryonic cuticle and blastokinesis.

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