Thermal fluctuations in driven nonlinear resistive systems

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Abstract
The fluctuation-dissipation theorem gives the spectrum of thermal fluctuations in a physical variable for a system maintained at a given temperature in equilibrium. A more general theorem is derived here for the spectrum of fluctuations in a nonlinear system subjected to a stationary driving force under a stated set of assumptions. The method of derivation is thermodynamic and the theorem expresses the fluctuation spectrum in terms of the magnitude of the driving source as well as the nonlinear characteristic of the system.

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