Hypersensitivity Syndrome Associated with Efavirenz Therapy

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Abstract
Hypersensitivity syndrome, also called DRESS (drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) syndrome, is a life-threatening reaction that typically includes skin rash, fever, multivisceral involvement (lymphadenopathy, hepatitis, interstitial nephritis, pneumonia, and myocarditis), and hematologic abnormalities, especially eosinophilia and mononucleosis-like atypical lymphocytosis [1]. Recently, cases have been associated with nevirapine, a nonnucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor [2, 3]. We describe a case of hypersensitivity syndrome in an HIV type 1-infected patient treated with efavirenz.