Malignant hepatic tumors: Changes on MRI after hepatic arterial chemoembolization – preliminary findings

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Abstract
This study describes the MR appearances of malignant hypervascular liver lesions pre‐ and post‐hepatic‐arterial chemoembolization, with correlation to serial imaging and clinical responses. Eight patients with malignant hypervascular liver lesions underwent pretreatment and posttreatment MR examination on a 1.5‐T MR imager. MR sequences included T1‐weighted spoiled gradient echo (SGE), T2‐weighted fat‐suppressed spin echo or turbo spin echo, and dynamic gadolinium‐enhanced SGE images. All patients underwent pretreatment, initial posttreatment, and subsequent posttreatment MR studies. The histology of primary tumors included various types of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (four patients: fibrolamellar HCC [one patient], HCC [two patients], mixed HCC/cholangiocarcinoma [one patient]) and liver metastases (four patients: untyped islet cell tumor [two patients], gastrinoma [one patient], carcinoid [one patient]). Response to chemoembolization was determined by three assessments: MR response, serial imaging response, and clinical response. The appearance of MR response to chemoembolization was determined based on the correlation with clinical and serial imaging response. The MR response of lesions that showed good clinical response included: increase in signal intensity on T1‐weighted images (three patients), decrease in signal intensity on T2‐weighted images (three patients), and negligible or minimal enhancement on immediate postgadolinium images (four patients) after chemoembolization. The most marked change in lesion appearance was observed in lesions < 1 cm, which had intense homogeneous enhancement on pretreatment MR studies and negligible enhancement on initial posttreatment MR examinations. MR response of lesions that showed moderate clinical response demonstrated a variety of lesion appearances from substantial change to minimal change. MR response of lesions that showed poor clinical response demonstrated no change in lesion appearances compared with the pretreatment MR study. Our results demonstrated change in appearance of liver lesions between pre‐ and post‐hepatic‐arterial chemoembolization MR studies. MR response correlated with response determined by serial imaging studies and clinical findings.