Circulating Antibody Formation in Lupus Erythematosus

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Abstract
Quantitative and qualitative changes in the serum proteins are frequently found in both systemic and chronic discoid forms of lupus erythematosus (Lee and Davis, 1959; Cohen and Cadman, 1953), and systemic lupus erythematosus is specifically associated with antinuclear antibodies which play an important part in L.E. cell formation (Miescher et al., 1953). However, Miescher et al. (1960) have shown that the antinuclear immune reactions are not primarily responsible for the disease process and postulate that these are reflections of a general hyperactivity of the antibody-forming system of the body. This paper describes an attempt to measure the antibody-forming activity in lupus erythematosus under controlled conditions. Method Antibody-forming ability was assessed in terms of response to primary immunization with tetanus toxoid. The method has been widely used to study immune responses in various conditions (Greenwood et al., 1958; Cherrick et al., 1959; Wilkens and Tasman, 1959; Greenwood and Barr, 1960), and

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