Overwintering, Seed Disinfestation, and Pathogenicity Studies of the Tobacco Hollow Stalk Pathogen, Erwinia carotovora var. carotovora

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Abstract
In Connecticut [USA], the tobacco hollow stalk pathogen, E. carotovora var. carotovora, could not be recovered from soil in the spring in tobacco [Nicotiana tabacum] fields where it had been detected in soil the previous fall. The bacterium was isolated in the spring from decaying tobacco root crowns which had been in the soil since the previous fall. The pathogen could be cultured from tobacco seed stored for 8 mo. A 12 min hot water treatment at 50.degree. C eliminated the pathogen from naturally and artificially infested seeds without affecting seed germination. This bacterium caused hollow stalk symptoms when inoculated into tobacco plants in the greenhouse, but only a few isolates from other Erwinia spp. and nontobacco isolates of E. carotovora var. carotovora caused pith necrosis. Tobacco isolates of E. carotovora var. carotovora caused necrosis of inoculated tobacco tissue cultures sooner (24 h) and at lower concentrations (10 bacteria/callus) than did other Erwinia strains. Tobacco isolates usually could be separated from nontobacco isolates of E. carotovora var. carotovora by a positive lipase test on an agar medium.

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