Modified Method for Percutaneous Brachial Angiography

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Abstract
Introduction Vascular surgical techniques have developed to the point that atherosclerotic stenosis and occlusion of the major extracranial arteries can be successfully relieved in a large number of individuals.1 The proper application of such treatment and correlation with possible neurological benefits depend in a large part upon angiographic visualization of all extracranial arteries involved. Adequate initial clinical diagnosis and subsequent appraisal of the patient's clinical course demands demonstration of the entire intracranial vascular tree as well. It becomes imperative, therefore, that arteriographic techniques be devised which fully demonstrate both extracranial and intracranial vessels and meet as well the following desirable criteria: (1) an entirely percutaneous approach avoiding surgical cutdown and/or the technical difficulties and risks of arterial catheterization2; (2) rapid easy needle insertion preferably at a distance from the diseased vessel3; (3) reduction of the amount of contrast material used and the number of injections used to

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