Low-Formaldehyde Finishing in Production

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Abstract
The relative importance of the contribution of the various chemical structures present in the fabric to the total formaldehyde-evolution potential of the fabric will vary with the reactant used and finishing conditions. Experience and limited studies with dynamic air-flow systems indicate a correlation between AATCC Test Method 112-1975 results and formaldehyde evolution from the fabric during storage and use. The chemical structure of the reactant nucleus is more important than formalde hyde mole ratios in determining formaldehyde-evolution potential. Methylation of reactants greatly improves their formaldehyde-evolution potential. Proprietary prod ucts can afford even lower formaldehyde-evolution potential. Shifts in equilibria on dilution can increase unreacted formaldehyde in reactants. Nitrate salts or modified magnesium chloride catalysts give good results. Exces sively strong catalysts are detrimental. Relatively high fixation levels are needed to achieve low formaldehyde-evolution potential. Alkalis or buffers have an adverse effect. A near neutral pH on the finished fabric is advantageous.

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