External control of drug release and penetration: enhancement of the transdermal absorption of indomethacin by ultrasound irradiation

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Abstract
The effect of ultrasound (1 MHz) on transdermal absorption of indomethacin from an ointment has been studied in rats. Ultrasound energy was supplied for 10 min at a range of intensities (0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 W cm−2), energy levels commonly used for therapeutic purposes. The pronounced effect of ultrasound on transdermal absorption of indomethacin was observed for all three intensities studied. The mean AUC value (33.22 μg h mL−1) after irradiation at 0.75 W cm−2 was 3.4 times the control value (9.70 μg h mL−1).