The External Consequences of Regional Integration for Pan-European Relations: Inequality, Dependence, Polarization, and Symmetry

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Abstract
Although there is a large literature on regional integration, very little of it focuses on its external consequences. During the early years of the development of the European Economic Community (EEC) the attention of scholars focused on the internal problems and consequences of integration. This paper explores some of the external consequences of integration, particularly inequality, dependence, polarization, and symmetry. Since these terms have no generally accepted meaning, a substantial portion of the paper tries to develop these concepts and devise measurement expressions for them. A description of the European system is then provided in terms of these four variables, and an initial effort is made to provide an explanation for changes in the structure of the European system as a consequence of regional integration.

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