Thoughts and Progress: Electromotive Administration of a New Morphine Formulation: Morphine Citrate
- 1 June 1994
- journal article
- Published by Wiley in Artificial Organs
- Vol. 18 (6) , 461-465
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1594.1994.tb02233.x
Abstract
Two formulations of morphine citrate were synthesized: trimorphine citrate, 3(MH)+(C6H5O7)3– and morphine sodium citrate, 3(MH)+ 3Na+2(C6H5O7)3–. Four healthy individuals volunteered to undergo electromotive administration of the two formulations. Application of electric current (2 mA) to solutions of trimorphine citrate for 1 h resulted in iontophoretic transcutaneous administration of therapeutic quantities of morphine, without deleterious reduction in the pH of the drug solutions. Application of a 2–mA current to solutions of morphine sodium citrate for 2 h resulted in combined iontophoretic and electrophoretic delivery of morphine with increased administration rates and an improved buffering capacity of the drug solutions.Keywords
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