Comparative Efficacy and Optimal Positioning of Traps for Monitoring Apple Maggot Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)

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Abstract
Standardization of trap position by direct manipulation and covariate analysis were used as techniques for evaluating the comparative effectiveness of five types of traps for apple maggot flies, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), in commercial orchards in Massachusetts. Unbaited, 8.5-cm-diameter, dark-red, wooden, sticky-coated spheres caught more of the flies than either baited or unbaited, yellow, sticky-coated rectangle traps (with or without an 8.5-cm-diameter, dark-red disk painted at the center). Evaluation of various positions for sphere traps within apple trees supported a hypothesis that an optimal position exists that maximizes capture. This position is one in which a radius of 0.25 to 0.5 m about the trap is clear of foliage or fruit.

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