RESPONDING UNDER FIXED‐RATIO AND MULTIPLE FIXED‐INTERVAL FIXED‐RATIO SCHEDULES OF ELECTRIC SHOCK PRESENTATION1

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Abstract
Squirrel monkeys, initially trained under a schedule of electric shock postponement and then under fixed‐interval schedules of electric shock presentation, were studied under multiple fixed‐interval fixed‐ratio and under fixed‐ratio schedules of shock presentation. Under the fixed‐interval (10‐min) component of the multiple schedule, a pause was followed by a gradual increase in responding to a rate maintained until shock presentation; under the fixed‐ratio (3‐, 10‐, or 30‐response) component of the multiple schedule, a brief pause was typically followed by a relatively high and uniform rate of responding until shock was presented. When the 60‐sec timeout periods, which usually followed shock presentation, were eliminated from the multiple schedule for one monkey, responding was only transiently affected. In the one monkey studied, responding was maintained under a fixed‐ratio schedule alone (with timeout periods), but rates of responding were lower than under the fixed‐ratio component of the multiple schedule. Characteristic patterns of responding, similar to those engendered under schedules of food presentation or shock termination, can be maintained under fixed‐ratio schedules of shock presentation; further, patterns of responding can be controlled by discriminative stimuli in multiple schedules.