Electric field dependence of the dielectric constant of PZT ferroelectric ceramics

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Abstract
Bias (dc electric field) dependence of the dielectric constant of ferroelectric ceramics of the Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 type has been investigated. Measurements were carried out at various temperatures in the ferroelectric phase and at several frequencies between 1 kHz and 1 MHz. The bias characteristics of the dielectric constant show a temperature-dependent asymmetry in the electric field direction. A model in which the coercive fields of the 180° and 90° domains are distributed around some average value is considered. The total dielectric constant of the material is calculated by considering the contributions of each type of domain, taking into account the difference between the differential and incremental dielectric constants. This model explains the dependence of dielectric constant on electric field. A comparison of the calculated and experimental results is presented.