An Emerging Framework for Including Different Types of Evidence in Systematic Reviews for Public Policy

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Abstract
Evidence-informed policy and practice call on research addressing a broad range of research questions: evaluating the need for, and development, implementation, acceptability and effectiveness of interventions. Synthesizing this evidence requires methods that integrate the findings from diverse study designs. This article reports the development of a new model of research synthesis for this purpose. On completion of a series of substantive reviews, methodological reflections addressed: the interrelationship between review questions, relevant theory and values within the review process; methodological similarities and differences with more conventional reviews of effectiveness; the added value in terms of conclusions and specific recommendations; and the relevance to public policy.