U.S. Environmental Policy and Politics: From the 1960s to the 1990s

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Abstract
Political scientists have used several different analytical and heuristic frameworks to help explain the nature of agenda setting and policy change over time. Among the most appropriate for environmental policy development over the last three decades are those advanced by John Kingdon, Frank Baumgartner and Brian Jones, and Paul Sabatier and Hank Jenkins-Smith. 2 To greatly simplify their work, we can think about the rise of environmental issues on the political agenda and agreement and disagreement over policy goals and means as resulting from several different, but interacting, social and political processes. Among the most important of these are problem, policy, and politics “streams” of activities that operate somewhat independently of each other but which also converge at certain historical junctures. The convergence reflects the actions of policy entrepreneurs and activists, and processes of debate and learning that take place as differing advocacy coalitions compete.

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