Abstract
Distributed systems such as chemical reactors, absorption columns and other similar apparatus used in the chemical industry have time-varying behaviour approximately describable by hyperbolic partial differential equations. Questions of optimum start-up and control therefore find mathematical expression as variational problems in two independent variables with those differential equations as aide conditions. Such problems have interesting mathematical features when the integral to be extremized is taken round a closed curve in the plane of the independent variables, and this curve includes finite straight segments parallel to the characteristics of the differential equations.

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