Gamma-ray burst models: Present problems and possible solutions

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Abstract
Since the observation of the spatial distribution of gamma‐ray bursts by BATSE has deepened the mystery of their origin, theoretical activity and speculation has maintained an extremely high level. With the distance to the burst sources uncertain by twelve orders of magnitude and their energies uncertain by twenty‐four orders of magnitude, there is a large number and wide variety of proposed models. Present gamma‐ray burst models face a number of very difficult problems including the generation of a large amount of energy in a small volume, the production of a hard, non‐thermal spectrum up to energies of at least 1 GeV and the escape of these high energy photons from the source. New observations and analyses continue to put ever tighter constraints. This review will give a status report on gamma‐ray burst models and how they are attempting to overcome these problems.

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