Accommodative lens movement in holosteans (Amia calva and Lepisosteus osseus oxyurus) and in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)

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Abstract
Accommodative lens movements were induced with drugs in Amia calva and Lepisosteus osseus oxyurus. The resulting refractive state changes, measured with a retinoscope and photographically, indicate that holosteans accommodate in the manner already described for teleosts. In both species the principal direction of lens movement was found along the pupil axis.Attempts were made to induce accommodative changes in Petromyzon marinus. These efforts included monitoring of the refractive state retinoscopically before and after (a) anaesthesia with MS 222, and (b) electrical stimulation of various periorbital locations. Only when electrical stimulation was of sufficient magnitude to produce contraction of the muscles of the head was a refractive change observed. This consisted of a shift from higher to lower levels of hyperopia. Further study of accommodation in lampreys is indicated.

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