Outfall Diffuser Behavior in Stratified Ambient Fluid

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Abstract
A method for the preparation of design charts for estimating the mixing behavior from outfall diffusers in stagnant stratified ambient fluids is presented. Numerical analyses by traditional integral methods which consider the interaction and merging of individual port charges are used to predict the diffuser behavior. Predictions for the maximum height of plume rise and minimum dilution at that point are presented in the form of design curves. Experimental data for the cases of a single and opposing rows of horizontal ports are presented and compared to the numerical results. Additional data of the thickness and vertical location of the horizontally spreading layer developed after the maximum reached are presented. The numerical model was found to be inaccurate for cases of discharges with significant initial momentum. A criterion is developed to indicate when this effect will be important.

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