The relationships between salmonellas and faecal indicator concentrations in two pools in the Australian wet/dry tropics

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Abstract
The relationships between total coliform, faecal coliform, enterococci and salmonella concentrations were investigated at Berry and Howard Pools in the Australian wet/dry tropics. Both pools have catchments with minimal human activity and no major point source of faecal pollution. Forty-five indicator and salmonella enumerations were made from each pool over a 1 year period. Salmonellas were isolated from 69% and 96% of samples collected from Howard and Berry Pools respectively, the maximum (MPN) concentration was 110/100 ml. Native fauna were the primary salmonella source. Spearman rank correlations between indicator organisms and salmonella at Howard Pool were significant at the 5% level and approximated 0.6. At Berry Pool, total coliform and enterococci Spearman rank correlations with salmonella were also statistically significant, approximating 0.3; faecal coliforms and salmonella rankings, however, were unrelated. The higher correlation coefficients at Howard Pool were attributed to its small catchment (4 km2) and the more recent nature of faecal contamination compared with Berry Pool which has a catchment of 130 km2. The results highlight the spatial variability of the indicator/pathogen numerical relationship. Total coliform and enterococci counts, as indicators of faecal pollution, were similar and more consistent than faecal coliforms.