Maximizing Response to Surveys in Health Program Evaluation At Minimum Cost Using Multiple Methods

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Abstract
This article shows how the use of multiple methods of follow-up can enhance the rate of response to mail questionnaires. The field design reported here consisted of an initial approach by mail, followed by reminder letters, telephone calls, and personal visits to nonrespondents. This procedure resulted in accurate identification of persons who, although included in the sampling frame, were not in the target population. This effectively removed from the sample about 12% of initially selected persons who were "out-of scope. " The follow-up activities also increased the response rate by persuading many initial nonrespondents to return questionnaires. The general elements of the design are suggested for consideration by evaluators seeking high response rates using data collection strategies that are realistic given the budgets available in small to medium size evaluations. The procedures are particularly useful in circumstances where the sampling frame is suspected of including cases outside the scope of the study.