Seroepidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialysis patients and the general population in Fukuoka and Okinawa, Japan

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Abstract
In 1992, a seroepidemiologic study was carried out among hemodialysis patients and the general population in Fukuoka and Okinawa, Japan to determine the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and HCV viremia. The markers used were antibody to HCV, determined by second-generation assay (anti-HCV), and HCV RNA, determined by the polymerase chain reaction. The prevalence of anti-HCV in Fukuoka was 3.3%, 73 per 2237 persons, significantly (PPP<0.001). Elimination of HCV among hemodialysis patients appears to be difficult, as such patients have lower immune responses than the general population. In Fukuoka, but not in Okinawa, blood used for transfusion was supplied by paid donors at commercial blood banks from 1953 to 1969. This may explain why HCV infection is endemic in Fukuoka and not in Okinawa. Differences between the prevalence of anti-HCV in the hemodialysis patients in Fukuoka and Okinawa reflect differences in the prevalence in the general population in these two areas of Japan.