An electron spin resonance study of vanadium(II). Part III. Covalency factors derived from a correlation of the cubic crystal-field splittings from optical and electron spin resonance measurements on V2+ in lithium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, silver chloride, silver bromide, and cadmium chloride

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Abstract
Covalency factors have been defined in terms of metal to ligand electron delocalisation including metal to ligand orbital overlap integrals. By a correlation of the optical and ‘apparent’ crystal-field splitting 10Dq from magnetic g-values of V2+ in a variety of halide lattices, estimates of these covalency factors have been derived. The 51V hyperfine coupling provided an independent and complementary measure of these factors. The results indicated commensurate σ- and π-bonding to Eg and T2g antibonding d-bands in the excited and ground states respectively.