Ideal-gas approach to the statistical mechanics of integrable systems: The sine-Gordon case

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Abstract
The low-temperature classical statistical mechanics of the sine-Gordon chain is derived within the framework of soliton-phonon phenomenology. In order to recover the correct classical behavior, in exact agreement with the transfer integral result, it is crucial to take account of all relevant phase shifts. This includes phonon-phonon scattering effects, which, although vanishing individually in the classical limit, are important for the full phonon gas.