A simple quantum picture for the Petermann excess noise factor

• 1 January 1998
• journal article
• Published by Springer Nature in The European Physical Journal D
• Vol. 1  (1) , 97-104
• https://doi.org/10.1007/s100530050069

Abstract

Keywords

• PACS. 42.40.LC QUANTUM FLUCTUATIONS
• QUANTUM NOISE
• AND QUANTUM JUMPS - 42.55.AH GENERAL LASER THEORY - 42.60.DA RESONATORS
• CAVITIES
• AMPLIFIERS
• ARRAYS
• AND RINGS