Direct transfer reaction to discrete and continuum states

A parametrization based on the distorted-wave Born-approximation (DWBA) formalism, using the diffractional model, is given in order to fit angular distributions and continuum energy spectra of direct transfer reactions induced by heavy ions populating continuum states at incident energy well above the Coulomb barrier. Experimental data analysis of two-proton and alpha-transfer reactions on $1f-2p$ shell nuclei are successful at low incident energies. On the other hand, at high incident energy, alpha stripping induced by ${}_{}{}^{16}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{O}$ beam on ${}_{}{}^{208}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Pb}$ cannot be described by this direct surface reaction model. It turns out that fragmentation is the most likely process.