Sintering and characterization of HA and TCP bioceramics with control of their strength and phase purity

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Abstract
HA and β-TCP-based ceramics were prepared using commercial powders. Powder characteristics were defined and the processing parameters studied, aimed at the production of samples with improved microstructural and mechanical properties. The behaviour of HA powder subjected to various thermal treatments was investigated in order to control the formation of secondary phases (α- and β-TCP) during sintering. The optimal thermal treatment required to prepare pure β-TCP powder from the precursors (HA and DCP) was determined and the sintering method required to prepare fully dense β-TCP completely free from α-form, was identified. Translucent hot-pressed β-TCP ceramics with potential applications in aesthetic restorative prostheses were prepared and characterized. The interval of existence of α-TCP and α-TCP as secondary products was also defined. Crystallographic analysis was carried out on the imperfectly known low-temperature α-TCP phase, and a proper monoclinic unit cell determined.