Effects of Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide on Cerebral Circulation during Normoxia and Hypoxia in the Rat

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Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular resistance (CVR) under conditions of normoxia and hypoxia. Experiments were performed on anesthetized, mechanically ventilated Wistar rats. CBF was measured using the intracarotid 133Xe injection technique. NO formation was inhibited by NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA). Administration of l-NMMA (100 mg kg−1 i.v.) during normoxia resulted in an increase in mean arterial blood pressure from 113 ± 4 to 145 ± 4 mm Hg ( p < 0.001), a decrease in CBF of 21% (from 91 ± 4 to 75 ± 5 ml 100 g−1 min−1, p < 0.001), and an increase in CVR of 53% (from 1.3 ± 0.1 to 2.0 ± 0.2 mm Hg ml−1 100 g min, p < 0.001). These effects were reversed by i.v. administration of 300 mg kg−1 of l-arginine but not d-arginine. Moreover, the administration of l-NMMA abolished the enhancement of CBF and the diminution in CVR observed during intracarotid infusion of acetylcholine (ACh). The increase in CBF and decrease in CVR during hypoxia in the group of rats that received l-NMMA were similar to that in the control group, although CBF and CVR levels attained during hypoxia in both groups were different. The results show that NO is involved in the maintenance of basal CBF and CVR, and is responsible for the ACh-elicited increase in CBF and the decrease in CVR in rats. They also suggest that NO modulates hypoxic changes of CBF and CVR, but is probably not the main factor responsible for the increase in CBF during hypoxia.