Connection between world-line and determinantal functional-integral formulations of the Hubbard model

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Abstract
A new functional-integral formulation of the Hubbard model is introduced that interpolates smoothly between the world-line formulation, which involves a direct-space–imaginary-time representation of the fermion fields, and a determinantal formulation, where auxiliary boson fields are introduced and the fermions are integrated out. Various features of the new formulation, particularly in connection with numerical simulations, are discussed.

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