Ischaemic optic neuropathy with painful ophthalmoplegia in diabetes mellitus.

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Abstract
Two patients with mild, adult-onset diabetes mellitus developed a painful ophthalmoplegia and ipsilateral optic neuropathy that was relatively unresponsive to steroids. Histopathological study of the optic nerve of 1 patient revealed an extensive ischemic infarct. There was ultimate recovery from the cranial nerve palsies in both patients and the optic neuropathy in 1 patient. Ischemic polyneuropathy involving the cranial nerves may cause an orbital apex/cavernous sinus syndrome in patients with diabetes mellitus.