Comparison of Limulus assay, standard plate count, and total coliform count for microbiological assessment of renovated wastewater

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Abstract
The Limulus endotoxin assay was compared to the standard plate count and total coliform count for assessment of the bacteriological quality of reclaimed wastewater. A total of 48 water samples from an advanced waste treatment plant in Dallas, Texas, USA were examined by the 3 techniques. Limulus assays were technically simpler to perform and provided results much sooner than conventional culture methods. The endotoxin values did not correlate extremely well with determinations of viable bacterial numbers. This lack of correlation may have been due to alterations in the normal ratio of viable gram-negative cells to endotoxin caused by water reclamation procedures.