The Control of Fouling Organisms in Fresh- and Salt-Water Circuits

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Abstract
The difficulties encountered by industrial water users due to fouling organisms are discussed. To control such fouling, a knowledge of the organism’s life cycle and reactions to stimulus is necessary. Typical mollusks, Bryozoa, sponges, barnacles, and tunicates are considered. Their control can be effected by heat, change of salinity, change of oxygen content, increased velocity, acids, antifouling paints, screening and poisoning with a number of different poisons. It is concluded that chlorination is the most effective and economical of these methods justifying itself in most plants by improved heat transfer alone. Factors to be considered in designing water systems that may foul are also outlined.

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