Emergency treatment of variceal haemorrhage

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Abstract
For the initial control of haemorrhage from oesophageal varices, two methods of vasopressin administration have been compared—the conventional bolus of 20 units and a low dose infusion of 0·4 units per minute. Twenty patients bleeding from oesophageal varices, confirmed by endoscopy, were allocated into either treatment group (10 in each). Vasopressin infusion stopped bleeding in 86 per cent of the episodes in contrast to 12·5 per cent (P < 0·01) with bolus doses. Balloon tamponade with a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube was used to control bleeding in only 2 episodes in patients on infusion and in 10 episodes in patients on bolus doses of vasopressin (P < 0·05). Our study confirms that low dose vasopressin infusion is more effective in controlling bleeding from oesophageal varices than conventional bolus doses.