Natural History of Actaea rubra: Fruit Dimorphism and Fruit/Seed Predation

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Abstract
Red and white fruits of A. rubra (Ait.) Willd. are similar in seed numbers, seed weights, fruit weights, fruit weights, and susceptibility of the seeds to predation by a geometrid moth larva and by small mammals. White fruits were removed from their stems during the daytime significantly more frequently than expected from their frequency in the population in 2 yr, and red fruits were removed more frequently than expected at night (significantly in 1 of 2 yr). Seed weights differed among individual stems, among years, and between morphs in some years, but there was no consistent trend in the direction of intermorph differences. The probability of insect and possible mammal predation on fruits was generally independent of infructescence size and size-class frequency.

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