Emerging roles for P2X1receptors in platelet activation

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Abstract
The platelet surface membrane possesses three P2 receptors activated by extracellular adenosine nucleotides; one member of the ionotropic receptor family (P2X1) and two members of the G-protein-coupled receptor family (P2Y1 and P2Y12). P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors have firmly established roles in platelet activation during thrombosis and haemostasis, whereas the importance of the P2X1 receptor has been more controversial. However, recent studies have demonstrated that P2X1 receptors can generate significant functional platelet responses alone and in synergy with other receptor pathways. In addition, studies in transgenic animals indicate an important role for P2X1 receptors in platelet activation, particularly under conditions of shear stress and thus during arterial thrombosis. This review discusses the background behind discovery of P2X1 receptors in platelets and their precursor cell, the megakaryocyte, and how signalling via these ion channels may participate in platelet activation.