Formamide as a substrate of xanthine oxidase

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Abstract
Formamide is a substrate of xanthine oxidase. At pH 8.2 and 1.14 mM-O2, Vmax.(app.) is 3.1 s-1 and Km (app.) is 0.7 M. Mo(V) e.p.r. signals obtained by treating the enzyme with formamide were studied, and these provide new information about the ligation of molybdenum in the enzyme and about the enzymic mechanism. The substrate is the first compound that is not a nitrogen-containing heterocycle to give a Very Rapid signal. This supports the hypothesis that the Very Rapid signal, though it is not detectable with all substrates, represents an essential intermediate in turnover. Formamide also gives the Inhibited signal and is the first non-aldehyde substrate to do so. The Rapid type 1 signal obtained in the presence of formamide was examined in H2O enriched with 2H or with 17O. The single oxygen atom detectable in the signal is shown to be strongly and anisotropically coupled. This indicates that this atom remains as an oxo ligand of molybdenum in this signal-giving species. Other structural features of this species are discussed.